Following the energy crisis in the 1970s, in 1980 Israel required the installation of solar water heaters in all new homes (except high towers with insufficient roof area). Solar water heaters were used by 20% of the population by 1967. Levi Yissar built the first prototype Israeli solar water heater and in 1953 he launched the NerYah Company, Israel's first commercial manufacturer of solar water heating. In the 1950s a fuel shortage led the government to forbid heating water between 10 pm and 6 am. įlat plate solar systems were perfected and used on a large scale in Israel.
Israel, Cyprus and Greece are the per capita leaders in the use of solar water heating systems supporting 30%–40% of homes. Passive ( thermosiphon) solar water heaters on a rooftop in Jerusalem Barbados, Austria, Cyprus, Israel and Greece are the leading countries by capacity per person. Īs of 2017, global solar hot water (SHW) thermal capacity is 472 GW and the market is dominated by China, the United States and Turkey.
In large-scale installations, mirrors may concentrate sunlight into a smaller collector. They operate independently or as hybrids with electric or gas heaters. They are heated directly or via light-concentrating mirrors. They use water only, or both water and a working fluid. SWH are active (pumped) and passive ( convection-driven). Ī sun-facing collector heats a working fluid that passes into a storage system for later use. SWHs are widely used for residential and some industrial applications (For example: in Israel). A variety of configurations is available at varying cost to provide solutions in different climates and latitudes. Solar water heating ( SWH) is heating water by sunlight, using a solar thermal collector.
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